I have already covered dating Serbian Crown caps from the 1990's onward using FS (factory signs on their crown / skirt). The other method I was using for dating FS and fine dating caps was comparing graphical design and its elements (mostly font, but also text orientation, heraldic elements and portrayal of animals) of the bottle and can labels to those on caps. Since the 1990's in Serbia labels have dates, so it is possible to use database or knowledge of label and can collectors to date caps.
Logical next step is to extend that procedure and know-how to neighbouring ex-YU countries, the first one being Croatia. I have selected 25 most frequent caps of Croatian major brewery Karlovačko out of their 78 caps in CC.I database, and compared them against dated can database by Luka Beercans Serbia. FS present in caps from the 1990's testify that this brewery was using Croatian and Slovenian caps with FS "PL" and "PZ" where initial leter 'P' stand for "pluta" (cork in those languages) in the first part of the cap producer's name. In the 20th century it was replaced by "n" by NewBox, and in 2014/5. by FS "tik". Since Heineken owns Karlovačko brewery, the transition to FS "cp" happened at the same time as in Serbian Zaječarsko brewery also owned by Heineken, in 2016.
1990
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1996
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1998
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2003
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2005
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2011 (and green 2012)
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2011
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2003 2011 2014
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2014 (and yellow)
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2014
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2015
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2015
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2015
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2015
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2016
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2016
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2017
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2017
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2017
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2017 (and peach, pink)
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2019
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2020
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2020
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2020
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2021 (and yellow)
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Beside FS and bottle and can labels, for dating caps a research should include official brewery's YouTube channels, news articles from Internet found through Google, and accounts of contemporaries of beer history (older men and collectors).
Mihailo
Alić, researcher and collector, Belgrade, September 2021.
http://www.ultrahome.in.rs/crowncaps
http://crowncaps.info/collections/4946